Oncology and haematology

Haematology and oncology are two closely related medical specialities concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and research of blood diseases and cancer. Learn about the different aspects of these specialities and get an overview of the tasks of an oncologist.

Here you will find detailed information on haematology and oncology:

[Translate to English:] Ärztin und Patientin im Gespräch über Onkologie.

Oncology and haematology - what is the difference?

Oncology is a medical speciality concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and aftercare of cancer. Haematology focuses on blood diseases, the haematopoietic organs and the lymphatic system, including anaemia, leukaemia and lymphoma. Haemato-oncology is an interface between the two disciplines as it deals specifically with cancers of the blood and the lymphatic system.

Cancer patients are usually treated in oncology centres. These are specialised facilities that guarantee comprehensive care. They work on an interdisciplinary basis, meaning that different specialities such as oncology, surgery, radiology, pathology and palliative medicine work closely together to provide holistic treatment. Oncologists play a key role in this network, coordinating diagnosis, developing individual treatment plans and guiding patients through all phases of the disease. Oncology is a branch of internal medicine, which is why the specialist title is "internal oncology and haematology".

Integrative oncology is playing an increasingly important role in many oncology centres. This is a holistic approach to cancer treatment that combines conventional medical therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery with supplementary methods. The aim of integrative oncology is to improve patients' quality of life, reduce side effects and promote overall well-being. Complementary treatments include acupuncture, massage, nutritional therapy, exercise therapy, meditation, yoga and psychosocial support.

Which tests does an oncologist conduct?

If cancer is suspected, an oncologist may carry out various tests and examinations. The methods differ depending on the type of cancer being tested for. In addition to the diagnosis, it is important for the oncologist to determine the stage of the disease. The examination procedures include, for example:

  • Physical examination: a thorough physical examination can provide indications of tumours or other abnormalities.
  • Blood tests: blood tests can detect abnormalities in blood cells or tumour markers that may indicate cancer. Examples are the complete blood count (CBC), which checks the number and appearance of blood cells, and specific tumour markers such as PSA (prostate-specific antigen).
  • Medical imaging: imaging examinations help determine the location and size of tumours. These include: X-ray, CT scan (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound or PET scan (positron emission tomography).
  • Biopsy: a tissue sample is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm or rule out the presence of cancer cells.
  • Endoscopy: using an endoscope - a thin, flexible tube with a camera - the oncologist can examine the inside of hollow organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract or the respiratory tract.
  • Genetic tests: they can identify genetic changes that are important for the selection of targeted therapies.
  • Bone scintigraphy: this nuclear medical examination helps recognise metastases in the bones.
  • Lumbar puncture: a sample of brain or spinal fluid is taken to determine whether cancer cells are present in the central nervous system.

During ongoing treatment, some tests are repeated regularly to monitor the success of the therapy.

Specialisations in oncology

There are different specialisations in oncology, which focus on specific types of cancer and treatment methods.

  • Uro-oncology specialises in cancers of the urogenital system, including prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer and testicular cancer. Uro-oncologists specialise in the diagnosis as well as the surgical and drug treatment of these types of cancer.
  • Gynaecological oncology is dedicated to the treatment of cancers of the female reproductive organs, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer.
  • Surgical oncology involves the surgical removal of tumours and affected tissues. Surgical oncologists are experts in performing complex operations and often work together with other oncologists. Their area of responsibility also includes the diagnosis and staging of cancers.

These specialists often work together in an interdisciplinary oncology centre.

APOGEPHA: commitment to oncology

APOGEPHA specialises in the development and provision of innovative therapies in the field of urology, oncology and supportive therapy for cancer patients. With decades of experience and medical expertise, we strive to continuously improve the treatment options for diseases such as bladder and prostate cancer as well as supportive therapy for cancer patients.

Our focus is on the research and development of new solutions that have a lasting positive impact on patients' lives. We work closely with medical professionals to ensure that our products meet the highest quality standards and current medical needs.

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More information on oncology and urology

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